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Abdullah Yusuf Azam ((アラビア語:عبد الله يوسف عزام), ''‘Abdu’llāh Yūsuf ‘Azzām''; 1941 – 24 November 1989) a.k.a. Father of Global Jihad was a Palestinian Sunni Islamic scholar and theologian and founding member of al-Qaeda.〔 Azzam preached both defensive and offensive jihad by Muslims to help the Afghan ''mujahideen'' against the Soviet invaders.〔 He raised funds, recruited and organised the international Islamic volunteer effort of Afghan Arabs through the 1980s, and emphasised the political aspects of Islam. Azzam was a teacher and mentor of Osama bin Laden and persuaded bin Laden to come to Afghanistan and help the ''jihad''. As the war drew to an end, they both established al-Qaeda. He was also a co-founder of Lashkar-e-Taiba.〔BBC News: (Bin Laden biography ), 20 November 2001〕〔〔Kepel, Gilles. ''Jihad''. Harvard University Press, (2002), p. 145〕〔Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of Global Jihad http://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0118_pakistan_america.aspx〕〔Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of Global Jihad, transcript ()〕〔The 9/11 Attacks’ Spiritual Father http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0911_riedel.aspx〕 Azzam was killed by a car bomb while within Peshawar, Pakistan.〔Allen, Charles. ''God's Terrorist'', (2006) p. 285–86〕 ==Early life in the West Bank== Abdullah Yusuf Azzam was born in 1941 in the Palestinian village of Silat al-Harithiya, about eight kilometres northwest of the city of Jenin in the West Bank, then administered under the Mandatory Palestine.〔〔"Biography of Shaheed Abdullah Azzam". In Azzam, Abdullah Yusuf. ''(Defenceof the Muslim Lands: The First Obligation after Iman )''. Trans.〕 Azzam is described by most of his biographers as being exceptionally intelligent as a child. He liked to read, excelled in class, and studied topics above his grade level.〔〔 In the mid-1950s, Azzam joined the Muslim Brotherhood after being influenced by Shafiq Asad `Abd al-Hadi, an elderly local teacher who was a member of the Brotherhood. Recognizing Azzam's sharp mind, Shafiq Asad gave Azzam a religious education and introduced him to many of the Brotherhood's leaders in Palestine. Azzam became more interested in Islamic studies and started a study group in his village. Shafiq Asad then introduced Azzam to Muhammad `Abd ar-Rahman Khalifa, the ''Muraqib `Am'' (General Supervisor) of the Brotherhood in Jordan. Khalifa met with Azzam during several visits that he made to Silat al-Harithiya. During this part of his life, Azzam began reading the works of Hasan al-Banna and other Brotherhood writings.〔 In the late 1950s, after he had completed his elementary and secondary education, Azzam left Silat al-Harithiya and enrolled in the agricultural Khaduri College in Tulkarm, about 30 kilometres southwest of his village. Though he was a year younger than his classmates, he received good grades.〔〔 After graduation from the college, students were sent out to teach at local schools. Azzam was sent to the village of Adir, near the town of Kerak in central Jordan.〔〔 According to one of his biographers, Azzam had wanted a position closer to home, but was sent to a distant school after an argument with his college's dean.〔 After spending a year in Adir, Azzam returned to the West Bank, where he taught at a school in the village of Burqin, about four kilometers west of Jenin. His colleagues in Burqin remembered him as being noticeably more religious than them. During breaks, while others ate, Azzam would sit and read the Quran.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abdullah Yusuf Azzam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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